Sixteen of the bombers were lost to anti-aircraft fire. The object sank after being cut loose during an attempt to recover it, and the swimmer was captured. Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend. This was never satisfactorily implemented, and confusion and duplication was created by the same requests for additional ammunition being made through multiple channels. BMH Iserlohn was one of several BAOR (British Army Of The Rhine) army hospitals in Germany. This included 15,000,000 rations, which were gradually eaten by the troops in the RMA. This brought the amount of road transport capacity under Second Army's control to 31,580 tonnes (31,080 long tons), which was reckoned to be the equivalent of 76 general transport companies. [10], HQ British Forces Germany was formed in January 2012, replacing the UKSC(G) and the Germany Support Group (GSG). The great majority of Canadian requirements, including ordnance stores, ammunition, petroleum products, most engineer, medical and dental stores, rations, office machinery and other supplies, were provided through British channels. The British Army of the Rhine was born in 1945 out of the British Liberation Army at the close of the war as the military government of the British zone of occupied Germany. CENTAG consisted, from north to south, of III GE Corps, V US Corps, VII US Corps, and II (GE) Corps in the extreme . Ron. [2] Although it contained personnel nations, the logistical support was British. To improve its combat effectiveness BAOR was equipped since the early 1960s with tactical nuclear weapons, and in so doing, became the first formation of the British army trained to fight and prevail on a nuclear battlefield. [50], Because it was not anticipated that the advance would be rapid, it was not considered necessary to hold large stocks of petrol, oil and lubricants (POL) in the FMCs, but to ensure that vehicles moving to the assembly areas arrived with full tanks of fuel, a train loaded with petrol was sent to Nijmegen to allow them to be topped off. This freed the 9th Line of Communications Sub Area to participate in Operation Goldflake. [32][33], A major user of fuel was the Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation (FIDO) system at pinoy, which consumed 410,000 litres (90,000impgal) per night. [9], Under the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review, it was decided that British military units would cease to be permanent deployed in Germany by the end of 2019. An emergency repair effort was conducted, and many were shipped direct from the workshops to the front lines. Lorries then took them to the dispersal point at Renaix via Lyon and Dijon, guided by road markers that read "GF". By January 1945, some 90,000 civilians were employed by the 21st Army Group, of whom half were employed in workshops in the advanced base, and 14,000 at the port of Antwerp. During the Great War (1914-1918) approximately 900,000 men, a quarter of the whole Army. 29th Division Entering Cologne 13 December 1918 Q 7220.jpg 641 800; 48 KB. At the rail stop there were messes and a kitchen that ran 24 hours a day. The bank control groups controlled all movement from the marshalling areas on the near side of the Rhine to the dispersal areas on the far side. [89][90], Despite this, stocks at the Nos. The pipeline running from Cherbourg to Rouen was shut down on 9 January, which freed personnel to work on extending other pipelines. The class 12 Bailey bridge, known as "Sussex", took the XII Corps Troops Engineers and the Royal Navy 43 hours to erect. 14 Army Roadhead in the Sulingen area from No. This annotated bibliography presents the best quality scholarship relating to BAOR, from its inception until its replacement under the conditions of the 1994 Options for Change defense review with the twenty-five-thousand strong British Forces Germany. While most of its units were British or Canadian, there were also contingents from Belgium, the Netherlands, Czechoslovakia and Poland,[1] and the RAF Second Tactical Air Force operating in support also had Australian, French, New Zealand and Norwegian squadrons. [31][32], The bulk petrol transport companies that distributed the fuel were reorganised, with each company now having four instead of three platoons, so eight companies were reduced to six. [63] Their initial drop of the 6th Airborne Division was conducted by 683 aircraft and 444 General Aircraft Hamilcar and Airspeed Horsa gliders, while that of the US 17th Airborne Division used 913 aircraft and 906 Hadrian gliders. Canadian units indented for warlike stores direct to their division's Ordnance Field Park, which carried stocks of spare parts for mechanical transport, small arms, armament, signal stores, and engineering equipment, as well as complete wireless sets and small arms. They were respectively augmented by 1,891 and 1,446 anti-aircraft guns and anti-tank guns. Both were originally occupation forces in Germany, one after the First World War, and the other after the Second World War. 10 Army Roadhead. A new ordnance field park was formed to hold the equipment, which was shipped from the UK. [66][76], At Gennep, the 6th Army Troops Engineers built a 312-metre (1,023ft) class 30 Bailey bridge using the piers and abutments of a demolished railway bridge. The 21st Army Group asked for four base supply depots (BSDs), six field bakeries, three field butcheries, a cold storage depot and two detail issue depots (DIDs). The British Army of the Rhine was born in 1945 out of the British Liberation Army at the close of the war as the military government of the British zone of occupied Germany. The troops were located principally in the vicinity of Cologne at an approximate cost per month of 300,000. Three days later, XII Corps did the same to facilitate the capture of Hamburg, but the expenditure of ammunition at Bremen was not as great as anticipated, and this allowed XII Corps's requirements to be met in full. A thematic study on how the British Army imagined the use of tactical nuclear weapons in land combat. [99], On 4 May 1945, Montgomery accepted the German surrender at Lneburg Heath, which covered German forces in the Netherlands, Dunkirk, North West Germany and Denmark. Home; About. [8], Administrative support for British service personnel in Germany and across continental Europe was delegated to United Kingdom Support Command (Germany), (UKSC(G)). 167 FMC was handed over to it, and became No. This was a problem as its special equipment was not stocked. After successfully carrying the Eureka torch at the show in November 2021, some of our Eureka and AB family will finally be able to join us for the first time since the pandemic struck in 2020. [79] Seven American combat engineer battalions assisted with road and bridge maintenance in the British Second Army area. BAOR is defined as British Army Of the Rhine frequently. [44] Road maintenance was made especially difficult by the winter weather. It was therefore decided that the floating bridges should be replaced by semi-permanent ones as soon as operational circumstances permitted. The United States and the Middle East, 1945-2001, World War II in the Mediterranean and Middle East. Esempio di frase tradotta: To provide them, beech trees were felled in the Fort de Soignes near Brussels. The British presence was estimated to have been contributing 1.5 billion euros annually to the German economy in 2004. [16] The US XVIII Airborne Corps was assigned to the 21st Army Group for the crossing of the Rhine,[17] and again on 25 April for operations between the Elbe and the Baltic Sea. [71] The supplies dropped represented a day's supply of food, fuel and petrol for the two divisions. TR. Find British Army Of The Rhine stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Despite the weather, all movements were completed as planned by 8 February. [25] This was codenamed Operation Goldflake, and it involved the redeployment of the I Canadian Corps and British 5th Division from Italy to North West Europe. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. Red Sash Wargames Army of the Rhine - Ombre de Turenne SW | Toys & Hobbies, Games, Board & Traditional Games | eBay! Not only are the well-equipped forward elements presented, but the light security elements that form BAOR's vital reinforcements are included as well. The 5 miles (8.0km) of the Nijmegen-Cleve road was under 610 millimetres (24in) of water, and DUKWs were employed to move supplies forward along it to a "skeleton" FMC, No. Their construction would require 3,000 wooden piles 30 centimetres (12in) in diameter and 18 to 23 metres (60 to 75ft) in length. The following day a German swimmer was seen affixing a suspicious cylindrical object to the bridge. . 13 Army Roadhead. British logistics in the Western Allied invasion of Germany was the support of Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery's Anglo-Canadian 21st Army Group and the RAF Second Tactical Air Force operations in the Second World War from 8 January 1945 until the end of the war in Europe on 8 May 1945. The 690-metre (2,250ft) class 40 and 70 steel-piled jetty bridges were built at Arnhem by the First Canadian Army engineers, and opened on 31 May, and the 440-metre (1,450ft) class 40 and class 70 timber pile bridges at Zutphen were completed on 26 May. [1] The General Officer Commanding UKSC(G) also functioned as head of the British Forces Liaison Organisation (Germany), which was responsible for liaising and maintaining relations with German civil authorities. [41] Some 600 field and 300 medium guns would support the operation. Its commander was the British commander of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). [65], The buildup of stocks for Operation Plunder commenced on 8 March. [3] However, around 185 British Army personnel and 60 Ministry of Defence civilians will stay in Germany beyond 2020. The expansion of the rail network allowed the 21st Army Group to give the Second Army another 11,460 tonnes (11,280 long tons) of road transport capacity. Expand or collapse the "in this article" section, Expand or collapse the "related articles" section, Expand or collapse the "forthcoming articles" section, Africa, Gunpowder and Colonial Campaigns in, All-Volunteer Army, Post-Vietnam Through 2016, Armed Forces of the Ottoman Empire, 16831918, Australia from the Colonial Era to the Present. Army personnel will be permanently based in the country where the UK is retaining the 45-square mile Sennelager Training Area, which provides both UK and NATO forces with an expansive live firing. Positioned on the North German Plain, it is the command element of NATO's Northern Army Group (NORTHAG). A request from the 21st army Group for additional resources to support the redeployed formations was rejected by the War Office; any additional support units required had to either be drawn from the Mediterranean or supplied by the 21st Army Group. [103] In this campaign the British Army demonstrated its proficiency in logistics. Its original function was to control the corps districts which were running the military government of the British zone of Allied-occupied Germany.After the assumption of government by civilians, it became the command formation for the troops in Germany only, rather than being responsible for . The Making of the British Army: From the English Civil War to the War on Terror. Blaxland 1971 and Mallinson 2009, for example, have produced histories of the army which are not entirely dominated by narratives of counterinsurgency campaigns. [24], The Combined Chiefs further decided to reinforce Eisenhower's armies in North West Europe at the expense of those in the Mediterranean. Temperatures were as low as 15C (5F) on 26 January, resulting in firm, frozen ground, but a subsequent thaw caused widespread flooding, and by 5 February a section of the Turnhout-Eindhoven road had become impassable even to four-wheel-drive vehicles. Technical Services BAOR (British Army of the Rhine), Shooting Team, 1969. [1] It was established following the Second World War, the largest parts of it becoming known as the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) and RAF Germany (RAFG). The possibility that the Germans might flood the forward area was not overlooked, and a company of DUKW amphibious trucks and a platoon of Terrapin amphibious vehicles was on 48-hours notice to assist. No. [60] In the three days preceding the assault, the three hundred and thirty six 25-pounders assigned to the XII Corps fired 225,061 rounds, the sixteen 4.5-inch guns fired 7,002 rounds, the one hundred and sixty 5.5-inch guns fired 69,607 rounds, the fifty two 155 mm howitzers fired 4,335 rounds, the sixteen 7.2-inch howitzer fired 3,964 rounds, and the two 8-inch howitzers 176 rounds. Individual chapters consider British thinking about tactical nuclear weapons, the evolution of NATO strategy, theories of tactical nuclear warfare, nuclear instruction at the Staff College, operational research and war-gaming, and the development of the armys nuclear warfighting doctrine. British Army of the Rhine (post Second World War) . [28], Originally scheduled to start on 12 January 1945, when the ground would have been hard and frozen and off-road vehicle movement possible, Operation Veritable was delayed for five weeks by the Ardennes Offensive. 16 Army Roadhead from railtails around Bocholt using captured rolling stock and locomotives. This led to a scaling down of the British military presence, and a restructuring of command and support structures. [28], The 25th Garrison assumed control of the RMA on 2 April, allowing the 5th Line of Communications Sub Area to take over the western part of North Brabant, and the 101st Beach Sub Area, which became the 21st Line of Communications Sub Area, took over the territory west of the Maas. The first British bridge across the river was the class 9 FBE bridge, known as "Twist", in the XII Corps area, which was erected by the VIII Corps Troops Engineers in ten hours on 24 March. The 11th Line of Communications Area took over the administration of the ports and the entire advanced base area, freeing the 12th Line of Communications Area headquarters to move forward. It was arranged that 40 tanks, 650 wheeled vehicles, 50 Bren gun carriers, and 3,700 personnel would disembark each day in Marseilles, where accommodation was provided for 10,000 troops in tents and 200 vehicles. [43] Over 2.5 million rounds of 25-pounder ammunition was made available for Operation Veritable. A new type was flown out direct from the UK factory by priority air freight and fitted to the tanks. The history of BAOR, then, is not simply a history of an army formation. [5], First established following the Second World War, the forces grew during the Cold War, and consisted, by the early 1980s, of I (BR) Corps made up of four divisions; 1st Armoured Division, 2nd Armoured Division, 3rd Armoured Division and the 4th Armoured Division. [59][60] Ammunition for the 25-pounders was based on 1,500 rounds per gun. Until the railway bridges could be brought into operation, maintenance depended entirely on road transport. British Armed Forces Special Vouchers B.A.O.R. The other units could not be found, and the 21st Army Group was informed that it would have to make do without them. Since the First Canadian Army did not hold large stocks at No. [30], The two airborne divisions participating in Operation Varsity, the airborne operation supporting Operation Plunder, were initially supplied by the First Allied Airborne Army. Military Identities: The Regimental System, the British Army and the British People c.18702000. This saved 150 vehicles, from which a seventh company was formed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. BRITISH ALLIES ARMY RAF. Moody, Simon J. Imagining Nuclear War in the British Army, 19451989. An initial stockpile of 91,000 litres (20,000impgal) was supplied to the unit, followed by daily deliveries of 14,000 litres (3,000impgal) per day. Include Description. as (hopefully) more information is found or supplied. [45] No. Chinese surveillance cameras are being used at British Army bases despite Ministers banning them from Government buildings over fears they pose a major security risk. [26], The headquarters of the 9th Line of Communications Area was transferred to Paris to assist the American Communications Zone with the move. In February, a French fuel installation was opened at Douai, and this was used to supply the Royal Air Force (RAF) airfields in the vicinity. Sirs, Ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to the website dedicated to the British Army of the Rhine, its locations, and those areas whilst not strictly within BAOR, that were vital to the operation of the theatre The Site is now approaching three years of age and much has happened in that time. Strachan, Hew, ed. [12] Civilian labour was utilised at the bases in a variety of tasks to enable military personnel to be released for service in forward areas. These included 36-centimetre (14in) baulks and chesses that had originally been set aside for the construction of emergency bridges over the Thames. The following 12 files are in this category, out of 12 total. [39][40], The artillery fire plan for Operation Veritable called for the widespread use of "pepperpot tactics". To simplify storage and handling, only ammunition for field, medium and heavy artillery was held at the Canadian FMCs, ammunition for all other weapons was stocked at No. The Operation Pluto Dumbo pipeline was now in operation. [87] The 21st Army Group allocated an additional 2,190 tonnes (2,160 long tons) of road transport capacity to the Second Army between 27 March and 3 April. In addition, XII Corps employed 48 3.7-inch anti-aircraft guns in the ground role, and they fired 16,573 rounds. These were manufactured locally in Brussels and fitted in Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME) workshops. Chieftain provides a complete array of British equipment and maneuver units, from Chieftain and Challenger tanks through MCV-80 and Saxon APCs. Country United Kingdom. Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content on It was estimated that six one-way class 40 and two one-way class 70 pile bridges would be needed. [70] Of the 610 tonnes (600 long tons) of supplies and equipment dropped, 80 per cent was recovered. [62] XII Corps allocated sixty DUKWs each to the 6th Airborne Division, US 17th Airborne Division and the 15th Infantry Division; thirty were in corps reserve, nine were designated for casualty evacuation and six for the Royal Engineers. A large force of engineer units was assembled for the operation: 37,000 British and Canadian engineers and pioneers, and 22,000 American engineers. Both were originally occupation forces in Germany, one after World War I, and the other after World War II. It was originally composed of five corps, composed of two divisions each, plus a cavalry division:[1], IV Corps: Commanded by Sir Alexander Godley, VI Corps: Commanded by Sir Aylmer Haldane, IX Corps: Commanded by Sir Walter Braithwaite and later by Ivor Maxse, Cavalry Division (formed from 1st Cavalry Division). + $18.23 shipping. Please appreciate that the site as a whole is, and probably always will be, subject to "Work In Progress", "Page Under Construction", "Page Under Revision", etc. The British Liberation Army (BLA) was the official name given to the British Army forces which fought on the Western Front of World War II between the Invasion of Normandy and the end of the war. LT COL Served from 1974 - 2011 Served in British Army of the Rhine. Armata Britannica del Reno la traduzione di "British Army of the Rhine" in italiano. Motorman began on 31st July 1972 with the rapid deployment of troops from the rest of the UK and the British Army of the Rhine to the ports of Belfast and Derry. 10 Army Roadhead, while the attached II Canadian Corps continued to draw its from the First Canadian Army's No. Read reviews from the world's largest community for readers. The first British Army of the Rhine was set up in March 1919 to implement the occupation of the Rhineland. Dorsten Ammunition Depot munitions storage facility. When the flood waters subsided, it was found that the Nijmegen-Cleve road surface had been too badly damaged to use, so the II Canadian Corps and XXX Corps were forced to share the road running south of the Reichswald. It has been an honour to command this fantastic organisation doing its very best to support our people here in Germany. [6] In 1967, the force was reduced in strength to 53,000 soldiers. BMH Munster was one of several BAOR (British Army On The Rhine) army hospitals in Germany. British and Commonwealth PWX were flown directly to the UK, while American PWX were flown to collecting camps around Le Havre.