The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. The benefits of federalism are that it can encourage political participation, give states an incentive to engage in policy innovation, and accommodate diverse viewpoints across the country. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. Ethnic, Religious and Geographical Factor 3.5 5. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. 6 0 obj sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. This is another reason for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. Federalism in Nigeria. In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. 1. It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. Federalism in Nigeria - Wikipedia You can download the paper by clicking the button above. PDF Federalism in Nigeria: the Past, Current Peril and Future Hopes Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. /Height 235 1. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. It is our pleasure. Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. /F2 9 0 R Excellent, thanks a lot f /F6 21 0 R The paper identifies and discusses the problems associated with separatist movements and how they affect national and social security, and argues that while the definition of state failure is contested and therefore Nigeria cannot yet be called a failed state, but certainly a fragile state. Prof. Jan Robert Go of the Department of Political Science, UP Diliman. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. ICT and Its Impact on National Development In Nigeria: An Overview Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. Federalism, Nigerian Federal Constitution and the Practice of Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . @VF:8=|@5&/1df gbjtCoy(L5A,JCI1/'5DT8`A!UY*&wTN5[v;KXvH* 5:>}W^Bp_ ;R!&L %s\q'(], As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. (PDF) Federalism as a Political Ideology and System of Government: The Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Besides the Big Three Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. The states were later increased to 30 states. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz In federalism, there is accountability, there is transparency. Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria By Professor Sakah Saidu Mahmud Kwara State University, Malete 1. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. This research work x-rayed federalism in Nigeria as the only basis upon which Nigeria can remain united despite its diversity and peculiar conditions in which the different tribal groups live in and proffers solutions to the challenges of the practice of . Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . (Tanzi, 1996). The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. (PDF) Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. 7. Adobe d C Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. REVENUE ALLOCATION IN NIGERIA: NEED FOR REFORM? Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria | Publius: The Journal of Size and population of a country is among the determinants of the level of power and influence which a country commands. Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. Book excerpt: Defensive Federalism presents an original contribution to the field of federalism and multinational democracies, exploring the concept of defensive federalism as a protection of self- government against the "tyranny of the majority". Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. Therefore, striking an acceptable delicate balance between these two divides, has, time and again, become a well known problematic world over. >> In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting . REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . 74 . Federalism and the United States Constitution - ThoughtCo More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. Revenue Allocation and Economic Development in Nigeria: An Empirical 3l:rmO"XDhG%2| Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation facing challenges within the balance of economic development along ethnic divisions in society. We hope to seeing you again on other posts of interest. Does Federalism Make Sense For The Philippines? - Forbes International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 August. At the heart of these crises are weak democratic institutions, which are sustained by bad leadership and a culture of impunity. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice /Parent 2 0 R Federal System of Government/Federalism | Week 8. % /Subtype /Image Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. What are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Identities can be in terms of ethnicity, culture, religion and other differences," she says. 3. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state. Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. However, that is not so in a federal government system. 5 Problems Of Federalism In Nigeria And Solutions Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. /Type /XObject The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. Full History of Nigerian Federalism. >> Payment Details. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. With the total area of 923,768 km, Nigeria can not justifiably be administered by a lone leviathan from the top. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? /Type /Page Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. You are welcome dear reader. PDF Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model - UNPA The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. Meaningful studies, especially the comparative study of Vile, have significantly shown that emerging challenges of conflict, cooperation and competition amongst levels of government in classical federalist states such as U.S., Canada and Australia, are important rationales for federating as well as the hallmarks of federal government (Vile, cited in Jinadu, 1979). Federalism was the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the leaders and the citizens and that was why federalism was adopted into the Nigerian political system. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. All these strengthen political bonds and gave Rice to unity in diversity. This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. That is often the reason why some adherents of Marx quarrel vehemently about such preordained classification such as: haves and have-nots; and the liberal minds grappling with, insisting not only that all hands are not equal, but that they must never, for whatsoever reason at all, be made equal - believing that that would tantamount to the highest injustice. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. /F1 6 0 R To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser.